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Question1Definethefollowing:Unemployment,voluntaryunemployment,involuntaryunemployment.
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Unemployment.Wherepeoplearewillingandabletowork,butareunabletofindajob(employment).VoluntaryUnemployment.Peoplewhodonotwantajobatthecurrentwagerate.InvoluntaryUnemployed.Peoplewhowantajobatthecurrentwagerate,butareunabletofindajob.
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Question2Compareandcontrasttheeffectofunemploymentduetoarecessionandanincreaseinunemploymentduetoareductioninproductioninthedairyindustryduetoafallindemand:
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Areductioninoutputinthedairyindustryisstructuralunemployment–thelabourmarketisnolongerabletomatchjobswithpeople’sskills.Peoplewhowereemployedbythedairyindustrywilllosetheirjobsandtheskillstheyhaveacquiredfromthisjobmaynotbetransferabletootherareas,theymayhavetoretraintoobtainnewskillstoenablethemtofindajob.ArecessionwillcauseCyclicalunemployment,whichwillaffectdifferentareasacrosstheeconomyandwillaffectanumberofindustriesandpeople.Eventuallyastheeconomyrecoversthesepeoplewillfindjobsandbere-employed.Cyclicalunemploymentismoreseriousintheshort-runasalotmorepeoplewillbeaffected,buteventuallytheeconomyshouldrecoverandthesepeoplewillbere-employed.Inthelong-runstructuralunemploymentmaybemoreseriousastheworkerswillbeunabletofindajobbecausetheirskillsnolongermatchthejobsavailableinthelabourmarketsoeventhoughlesspeopleareaffected,thesituationmaycontinueforamuchlongerperiodoftime.Cyclicalunemploymentwillaffectanumberofregionsandindustriesandsohasamoreequalimpactacrosstheeconomyaffectingmanypeople.Structuralunemploymentonlyaffectsonegroupofpeople,inthiscasepeoplewhoworkinthedairyindustry.TheeffectsofthistypeofemploymentwillonlyaffectsomeregionsandoneindustryandsohasamoreunequalimpactthanCyclicalunemploymentcausedbyarecession.
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Question3Thedemandforlabourisaderiveddemand.Whatdoesthismean?
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Thedemandforlabourisderivedorcomesfromthedemandforothergoodsandservices.Thereisnodirectdemandforlabour.Itcomesfromthedemandforothercommodities.Anincreaseindemandforcommoditieswillincreasethedemandforlabour.
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Question4Whatisaminimumwage?Howdoesaminimumwageaffectemployment?
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Aminimumwageisawageratesetbylaw.Itissetabovetheequilibriumwagerate.Aminimumwagewillcauseafallinthequantitydemandedforlabourandsocauseafallinemployment.Involuntaryunemploymentwillbecausedbytheintroductionofaminimumwage.
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Question5NamethepointsonthediagramA,BandC.
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A=Employment-theQuantitydemandoflabouristhelevelofemployment-aftertheminimumwagehasbeenimposedthisisthenumberofpeoplenowemployedintheeconomy.B=InvoluntaryUnemployment-atthenewminimumwagethesepeoplewantajob,areactivelyseekingajobandcanstartimmediately-butareunabletofindajob.C=VoluntaryUnemployment-peopleunwillingtoworkatthecurrentminimumwage.
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Question6Usethediagramtoexplaintheimpactofanincreaseintheminimumwageonthelabourmarket..
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Anincreaseintheminimumwagewillcauseadecreaseinthequantitydemandedforlabourasfirmsnolongerareable/willingtoemployasmanypeopleatthehigherwagerate.Thequantitysuppliedoflabourwillincreaseasmorepeoplearewillingtoworkatthehigherwagerate.Asseeninthediagramthequantitydemandedwillfallfrom300000to200000andthequantitysuppliedwillincreasefrom400000to500000.Employmentwilldecreaseandinvoluntaryunemploymentwillincreasefrom100000to300000.Thenumberofpeoplevoluntarilyunemployedwilldecrease.
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Question7Usethediagramtoexplaintheimpactofadecreaseinthedemandforlabourduetoafallindemandforcommodities.
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Adecreaseinthedemandforcommoditieswillcauseadecreaseindemandforlabourbecauseofafallinproduction.Thiswillcauseadecreaseindemandforlabourasfirmsrequirelessworkersasproductionfalls.ThedemandforlabourwilldecreasecausingashiftofthedemandcurvetotheleftfromDL1toDL2.Thiswillcauseadecreaseinthenumberofpeopleemployedfrom350000to175000andanincreaseininvoluntaryunemploymentfrom150000to325000.Therewillbenochangeinvoluntaryunemployment,becausetheminimumwagehasnotchangedsonomorepeoplearesupplyingtheirlabourtothelabourmarket.
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Question8TheHouseholdLabourForceSurveyrecorded200000peopleasbeingunemployedwhereasthenumberofpeopleontheunemploymentbenefitis150000.Explainthedifference.
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Tobeunemployedaccordingtothehouseholdlabourforcesurveyyouhavetobeactivelyseekingworkandbereadytostartworkimmediately.Fortheunemploymentbenefit,somepeoplemaybeineligiblebecausetheyhaveapartnerwhoisearninganincomeortheirincomemaybeaboveathreshold.Iftheyarenoteligibleforthebenefit,theywillnotregisterandsothenumberofpeopleonthebenefitmaybelessthanHLFSunemploymentrate.
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